The blast took place when the vehicle carrying polio workers struck a bomb in Malayek area of Takhtay Pul district.
Samim Khplwak, the spokesman for provincial governor, said some of the injured were in life-threatening condition.
Afghanistan is one of three countries including neighboring Pakistan where polio remains widespread.
However, militant attacks on the anti-polio drive have been seen as a major factor hurdling the eradication process.
The volatile Kandahar was one of those provinces where Taliban militants banned anti-polio campaign in.