The explosion happened at 2:05 am local time (00:05 GMT) Wednesday, at Sabiha Gokcen Airport where planes were parked.
Authorities are investigating whether the blast was caused by a bomb.
No passengers were in the area when the blast occurred.
Police armed with rifles and protective vests imposed tight security at entrances to the airport after the blast, searching vehicles while a police helicopter circled overhead, state-run Anadolu Agency said.
Anadolu earlier reported that one of the cleaners suffered a head wound, while the other was wounded in the hand. Both were women.
The airport said investigations into the cause of the blast were ongoing, and that air traffic was operating normally.
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